8 Tips for a Successful School Year

In this year’s opening address, I provided a means by which teachers could add ideas and comments as the address progressed.  This blog post represents our collective thoughts.

Numbered lists of recommendations are a favorite theme of professional texts.  Over the past few years I’ve read The Five Dysfunctions of a Team (Lencioni, 2002), The Six Secrets of Change (Fullan, 2011), and Seven Secrets of the Savvy School Leader (Evans, 2010).  It makes sense that through the combined efforts of the professionals in Smithfield, we too can capitalize on this theme.  As Kenneth Blanchard, a respected author of books on leadership, reminds us, “none of us is as smart as all of us.” Through technology, networks of professionals support informal learning in fields as diverse as business, engineering, and education. 

During this new school year’s opening address, I shared eight tips for a successful school year and asked those present to participate through a “backchannel” chat during the presentation.  As I shared my PowerPoint and ideas, individuals commented on these ideas or provided ideas of their own. We projected the chat alongside the presentation. Together, our collective thoughts will surpass those of any single one of us alone.  

TIP 1:  Take risks.

Not every new instructional approach we try is received well by our students but we won’t know its potential unless we experiment with a new instructional approach.  Using a backchannel chat on opening day is a risk in itself. 

We also open ourselves up by sharing ideas with new people, eating with a different group of co-workers, making suggestions to the principal or director or by learning and applying technology tools to solve problems.  As some have uncertainty about using technology before enough training is provided and confidence is developed, it’s important to “play” with technology for learning instead of waiting for proficiency.

Many famous people achieved success only through the taking of risks. Tiger Woods writes, “As a child, the family that I had and the love that I had from my two parents allowed me … to take risks, knowing that, if I failed, I could always come home to a family of love and support.” You, too, can take risks because if you fail, you have a workplace of love and support.

Sharing her own artwork, while it is in progress and providing opportunities for critiquing and questioning is one way Kristine Straus is taking a risk. Students will learn from her creative process and will be more open, themselves, for feedback and risk-taking. Mary Grundy, likewise, is planning to investigate more ways to bring technology into the classroom. 

TIP 2:  Work on relationships.

Let’s face it, some relationships – with students, parents, colleagues, & family – come easy, while others take effort.  Tips for working on relationships include being willing to accept others’ ideas, being kind, respecting colleagues, and instilling trust.  Students don’t need their teachers to be their friend but they, as well as their parents, need to know we care about their success, their safety, and their happiness.  Relationships with parents, developed through strong lines of communication, ensure trust and enable partnerships that affect student success.

Franklin Roosevelt posits, “we must cultivate the science of human relationships – the ability of all peoples, of all kinds, to love together, in the same world at peace.”

Our teachers in Smithfield are starting the year out with new ideas to build relationships with students, parents, and colleagues.  Lauren Aurecchia plans to have a sign-up posted where students can share what they are good at and when and where they are playing a game, participating in a performance, etc. that they would like her to attend.  Julie Dorsey reminds us to reach out to families early with positive communication; it’s a perfect way to start building relationships. Adam Spring plans to formally invite parents to come see and participate in the culminating activities in his classes.  

TIP 3:  Collaborate. 

Both in life and at our jobs, we too often choose to go it alone when, in fact, two heads are always better than one.  There is never enough time afforded to collaborate so we must think outside the box to come up with new ways to work together.  Leveraging technology, such as Google tools and Twitter, allows collaboration to extend beyond both time and geographical limitations.    

And if you think you have the talent to go it alone, instead of collaborating, consider that Steven Spielberg, an award-winning filmmaker, states, “Filmmaking is all about appreciating the talents of the people you surround yourself with and knowing you could never have made any of these films by yourself.” 

Cathy Pleau reminds us to build on and grow from one another’s strengths.  Katherine Young recalled the great collaboration project Sam and Megan did last year with sundials, combining art with science.  Robin Behringer plans to be a supportive mentor for a new teacher and to learn from this new colleague, as well. Carlton Bradshw plans to collaborate more by listening closely to colleagues.  This year, Carl Steckert will be collaborating with fellow math teachers to develop a curriculum utilizing the new math textbook and Megan Hall is “super excited” to be working with a coach through Better Lesson this year… learning, growing, receiving feedback.  

TIP 4:  Be a learner

We sometimes need to be reminded that modeling what we want to see in our students is an effective means to achieving our goals.  If we are learners and find joy in learning, our students can see this as a desired state for themselves. Learning how to maintain a webpage, program for VEX robotics, design an effective math intervention, use Google docs, incorporate writing in science classes, and facilitate morning meetings are not simply means to an end.  Find joy in the journey and share that journey with others. 

It’s the learners in history whose names transcend decades and even centuries.  Henry Ford once said, “Anyone who stops learning is old, whether at twenty or eighty.  Anyone who keeps learning stays young. The greatest thing in life is to keep your mind young.”

Kristen barry will model for students being a learner by continuing her education.  How many students know that their teachers take courses themselves, often during the school year?  Learning also need not be formal – Vin Zibelli plans to take the time after dismissal each day to reflect on the successes and challenges of the lessons and interactions then find ways to do better tomorrow.

TIP 5:  Set high expectations. 

Students want you to expect the best from them – to behave appropriately and meet high academic expectations; the alternative is to think poorly of their character.  Questions provide a means of formatively assessing student understanding; if every student immediately knows the answer to a question posed, we need to question the question or simply move on.  We also need to understand that setting high expectations is not the same as grading harshly or providing very negative feedback. There are classes that are difficult to pass yet are not very rigorous and classes that are fairly rigorous where many achieve high grades (often the disconnect occurs when expectations are not made clear). 

Whether you like his politics or not, Jeb Bush once wisely said, “Our children can achieve great things when we set high expectations for them.” 

Sharon Marriotti believes that students will rise to high expectations, both for behavior and academics and Carlton Bradshw believes we should maintain high expectations for perseverance in addition to achievement.  

We can hold each other to high expectations as well; the alternative is to think poorly of their character.  Holding each other to high expectations requires that we open ourselves up to feedback that isn’t always positive, though not necessarily negative either, which brings us to….

TIP 6:  Seek feedback.

Stone and Heen’s text, Thanks for the Feedback; The Science and Art of Receiving Feedback Well [even when it is off base, unfair, poorly delivered and, frankly, you’re not in the mood] (2014) posits that feedback that is not squarely positive “triggers” us, potentially keeping us from its benefit.  The 300+ page book then sets to provide guidance toward helping us become better receivers of feedback (I’m reading it because I can use that help myself).  They remind us that “receiving feedback sits at the junction of two conflicting human desires: we want to learn and grow but we also want to be accepted and respected just as we are now.”

By valuing feedback from more than one person, even if such feedback is a bit contradictory; there is more to think about.  Changes based on feedback should be made only after you’ve weighed the feedback against other things that you know.

The expectations we set for our students are revealed as we provide rich, specific feedback to our students, both positive and constructive.  Likewise, the expectations our schools’ leaders set for our educators are “revealed as we provide rich, specific feedback to our [educators], both positive and constructive.

We have a robust evaluation system in Smithfield and the system is designed to provide feedback for continual growth.  Too often, in the press and throughout the state, we concentrate on evaluation as a means of rating employees or collecting evidence for dismissal when this isn’t what it should be about.  Let’s also seek feedback from students and parents. Meridee Goodwin plans to use Google Classroom more often to ask students for their thoughts and questions

TIP 7:  Make learning relevant.

When teaching, we need to ask ourselves, “does the learner know how to put the knowledge to use or how this knowledge is put to use in the real world?” It’s not equally easy for all teaching areas, but relevance is important for engaging learners. I wish I had been introduced to The International Center for Leadership in Education’s Rigor Relevance Framework (see www.leadered.com) earlier in my career (and I’m sure my former students would have wished the same).   This tool allows teachers to assess their curriculum and instruction against two dimensions – one based on Bloom’s Taxonomy and the other based on a continuum, created by Bill Daggett, in which knowledge for knowledge’s sake is at one end and application to real-world unpredictable situations is at the other.  As Bill Daggert reminds us, “Relevance makes rigor possible.”  

Mary Grundy, a social studies teacher, believes that today’s world benefits so much through understanding our country’s history.  Let’s remind our students of that!

TIP 8:  Laugh. 

The advice to take joy in week days as much as in weekends and to live in the moment was perhaps the most well received tip on the list.  While we all feel a little loss from the conclusion of summer, next summer will be here before we know it and we’ll simply be a year older.

Jane Ramos recalled that when she was a student teacher she was advised, “don’t smile until Christmas.”  She never followed that advice because she knows that students appreciate a smile and a laugh. Robin behringer believes that she and her students learn best when they are having fun. As Karen DiSano advises, “make everyday with our students a day to remember.”

Best wishes for a productive and enjoyable school year!

Grit

The start of each new school year brings a renewed sense of hope for a better economy, good health, school success, and other positive outcomes, as well as a temptation for educational bloggers to either reflect on the past year or on goals for the new year.  Inspiration for this blog entry, however, comes not from the time of year but instead from a movie and a journal article, which I happened to be enjoying in tandem.

Having a husband who loves golf as well as a growing interest in the game myself, it’s not unusual to see the Golf Channel or a golf movie on the television. There’s lots to pick from: The Short Game (2013), The Squeeze (2015), The Greatest Game Ever Played (2005), Happy Gilmore (1996), Caddyshack (1980), and Tin Cup (1996), among others.  I sat down to Bagger Vance while concurrently cleaning out a stack of professional journals and magazines.  Among the L.L. Bean catalogs and Eating Well magazines was an old issue of Educational Leadership.  The issue’s theme was “resilience and learning” and an article by Deborah Perkins-Gough on “The Significance of Grit” caught my eye. 

Perkins-Gough  defines “grit” as a personal quality of an individual to work hard, despite obstacles.  I call this “stick-to-it-iveness.” It is this quality that enables success both in the classroom and in life.  The author reports on Angela Duckworth’s research, which involved the use of a scale to measure grit. Items contributing to the scale included those about response to failure or adversity, being a hard worker, and having consistent interests over a long time.  A surprise finding of this research is that often, grit and talent can be inversely related. 

This finding actually makes sense to me.  I often see students who pick up the material quickly spend less time with studying.  Unless they are consistently challenged, this contributes to a lower likelihood of developing grit.  It may also be the reason my husband plays better golf when he plays with better golfers. 

Perkins-Gough also claims, “people who can set long-term goals and stick to them have a leg up on success in school and life.” Recognizing that one can’t succeed if one moves from one unrelated endeavor to another, Duckworth herself chose to inventory her own talents then establish a long-term goal for her career. 

Looking up every once in a while to maintain some attention on the movie, I soon saw the relationship between the article and the plot of Bagger Vance. The story depicts a golfing talent, Rannulph Junah, who, at a young age, exhibited a talent for golf.  Many thought he would one day be a successful professional golfer, but the advent of World War I interrupted his path to success. Returning from the war a broken man, Junah drifted from job to job rather than returning to his previous life. Years later, challenged to return to the game, a mysterious caddy, Bagger Vance, coaches him to regain the grit he once had.

Consider the dialogue from the movie:

“Rannulph Junuh: I can win Adele… I can beat both of ’em… Look into my eyes and tell me what you see… 

Adele Invergordon [love interest of Junah]: Determination… Pure determination… 

Rannulph Junuh: Panic, Adele… Pure panic… I’m eight strokes behind two of the greatest golfers in the sport, they’ve never blown a lead in their lives and I’m gonna win… Ya know why? 

Adele Invergordon: Panic? 

Rannulph Junuh: That’s right…

“Bagger Vance [main character, Junah’s caddy]: You wanna quit Mr. Junuh? You know you can just go ahead and creep off somewhere I’ll tell folk you took sick… Truth be told, ain’t nobody gonna really object… In fact, they’d probably be happy as bugs in a bake shop to see you pack up and go home… 

Rannulph Junuh: You know I can’t quit 

Bagger Vance: I know… Just makin sure you know it too…

The idea that a mentor or teacher can contribute to one’s development of grit is as important as the belief that a mentor or teacher can contribute to one’s development of talent or learning.   Perkins-Gough makes a connection to the research of Carol Dweck on mind-sets. Dweck posits that having a growth mindset – a belief that abilities are developed, rather than inherited, is of utmost importance.  Perkins-Gough states, “the attitude ‘I can get better if I try harder’ should help make you a tenacious, determined, hard-working person. 

Teachers and parents alike must serve our children as Bagger Vance served Rannulph Junah.  If we communicate that success will come with practicing things who can’t yet do and that this work will not be easy, students will stick with the work.  Building character is as important as building intellect. More often than not, observers walking into classrooms should witness students engaged in a difficult, exerting, struggle with content.  If we also both model and teach long-term goal setting, our students will have a path toward success. 

References: 

Perkins-Gough, D. (2013). The significance of grit:  A conversation with Angela Lee Duckworth. Educational Leadership, 71(1), 14-20.

Legend of Bagger Vance quotes available 1-1-2014 at http://www.great-quotes.com/quotes/movie/The+Legend+of+Bagger+Vance

The Legend of Bagger Vance (2000).  Movie directed by Robert Redford based on the 1995 book by Steven Pressfield.  DreamWorks, 20th Century Fox, Allied Filmakers. 

Feed the Teachers!

The title of this blog post was taken from a popular educational text, If you don’t feed the teachers, they eat the students! by Neila Connors.  The book doesn’t suggest that teachers need actual food or anything akin to the $148,000 gift bag recently given to all 25 acting and directing Oscar nominees to do their jobs.  Instead, the book focuses on the need to nurture a strong culture among school staff through respect, collaboration, a fair income, and, yes, maybe some cookies now and again.

There’s a sense of pride in working for Smithfield Schools.  Teachers here generally find their jobs rewarding, the parents appreciative, and the students respectful.  This, however, is nothing to be taken for granted.  Recognizing individual teachers for exceptional work and recognizing entire schools for progress on improvement efforts not only is right to do but also fuels a strong school culture.

We are thankful to our parent groups who make Teacher Appreciation Week special for all those who serve our students.  We, as a district, are not able to provide for the refreshments and other treats showered on teachers during that week.  When we do organize special events, such as the end-of-year celebration, we use donations, rather than taxpayer funds, due to the negative perceptions that may ensue. Expressions of appreciation are also made, though maybe not often enough.

Recognizing exceptional work and providing blueberry muffins and coffee is not sufficient; when issues bubble up, they should be both noticed and addressed.  We regularly meet with union leadership and strive to respond to concecrns in a timely manner.  Also important, during any change process we know that good communication is essential and teachers must be equipped to handle the change through effective professional development and ensuring conditions for their success.

All of this isn’t to say that income is not a factor in any employee’s feelings of being appreciated and respected.  Most teachers enter the profession with a solid connection to academic subjects and a passion for developing the minds of students.  The public may incorrectly equate the seemingly altruistic nature of the profession with the self-denial of any forms of extrinsic rewards – both monetary and nonmonitary.  Most teachers, however, like most everyone else, work to live, rather than live to work. The income of teachers in the New England states, unlike in many parts of the country, allow a teacher’s family to live a middle class life, providing for a moderate home and a relatively comfortable lifestyle.  Letting this slip is not an option, as addressing insufficient pay takes monumental effort and resources, as other parts of the country are proving.

The Johns Hopkins study of Providence Schools shows a school culture that is broken.  Plans for turning that school culture around will require significant changes at all levels.  While it’s more complicated than just “feeding the teachers,” we know that appreciation and support is essential for all types of employees.  We, in Smithfield, have a strong teacher culture.  Let’s start the new school year off with an effort to appreciate the positive school culture for both students and teachers and vow to nurture that culture through variety of means.

Address to the Class of 2019

School Committee Members, Faculty, Parents, Esteemed Guests, and Graduates of the Class of 2019 –

Oh, the pressure high school and college graduates often feel after hearing graduation speeches….

The top 10 themes for speeches include taking responsibility for your actions, finding inspiration in the world around you, never giving up on a dream, and setting high expectations.  Rather than diving into one of these tried and true topics, and perhaps leave you with a pressure-induced headache, I’m going to use Nike as my model.

While Nike could have espoused winning, power, strength, or athleticism in its slogan, it instead chose, “Just Do It.”  Simple, attainable, memorable.

So my advice to you is just as simple: “Just Finish It,” or as Larry the Cable Guy puts it, “Get-R-Done.”

If your life journey includes an associate’s degree from CCRI, Get-R-Done.  Only 62% of students at CCRI remain enrolled there in the second fall semester after graduating high school and only 22% are on track to graduate within a two-year time frame.

If you plan to work for a year to save enough money to buy a food truck and travel from festival to festival selling barbecue, Get-R-Done.  Don’t let us see you driving a 10-year-old Toyota instead.

If you are heading off to Rhode Island College, like Kayla Petrone, to become certified to work in the child care field, Get-R-Done.  You may not end up even wanting to work with children in another 4 years but you will have a college degree and can take your next step in a slightly different direction, though never backwards.

I can’t wait to see Arthur Lee in a play or movie and Maia Bowker at a concert as a principal bassoonist 5 years from now and Dylan Junier, I hope to see your photographs on display at a local art gallery.  Get-r-done!

Max Blais, if police duty is your goal, get-r-done, but remember to go easy on a certain superintendent, if you see her going a bit too fast down 44.

Hogan Nelson, I hope you will have lived out your dream of winning a national championship in whatever sport you will be playing.

If business is your passion, like Justin Baglini, Lauren Gendron, Braeden Weston, or Jared Pezza, just Get-R-Done.

For Erika Rooney, Taylor Paiva, Karleigh Lamourux, Brianne Morin, Bianca Lancellotti, Sierra Vecchitto, Grace Beaudry, Kendra Wilson, Caitlin Dolan, and Jo-ann Fiano, who are pursuing careers in the nursing fields, Get-R-Done.  We have a shortage of qualified nurses but, unfortunately, no shortage of people to start on that path and don’t finish it.

Or if you, like Julie Hawkins, honestly hope to own your own surf shop that doubles as a vegan café on the North Shore of Oahu, Hawaii, just Get-R-Done.

Each of these aims is simply a step on your life journey.  You can’t get from here to there without finishing one step at a time.  Even if you don’t exactly know where you want that journey to take you, you’ll get nowhere if you don’t finish the steps that you set out to take.  It’s ok to not take the straightest path; sometimes the most meandering routes are the most enjoyable.

You’ve already shown that you can indeed finish what you started.  You finished high school.  Finish and enjoy every step that you take both tomorrow and into your future.

Technology Learning * Technology for Learning

Smithfield has turned a corner at a major intersection on it’s quest for technology integration.  No longer a novelty, Chromebooks are integral to teaching and learning in classrooms throughout the district. At this juncture, it’s particularly important to keep our eyes on our goal so that the investments that have been made go to good use.

In today’s world, technology is integrated into both our social and work lives.  Navigating social networks, communicated using technology, and even troubleshooting technology are and will be difficult to circumvent, whether we choose to be doctors, waiters, truck drivers, engineers, or pastry chefs.  In and out of schools, technology will be a valuable tool for learning.

Foremost in our work with technology in schools, we must work to help students stay safe and be responsible using technology.  This must be taught explicitly. Children do not always see the adults around them, including their favorite celebrities or politicians, using technology responsibly.  There are a few places in the instructional program where this is part of the curriculum and like all curriculum, it needs periodic review to ensure that it is sufficient to achieve our goal – in this case, to ensure safe and responsible technology use. Updating policies for social media use, student data privacy, and acceptable use of technology is both a school committee and administrative goal being addressed this spring.

The Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) for Smithfield Public Schools is currently under revision.  Rather than simply echoing a model policy provided by the state and listing dos and don’ts, we should communicates expectations that are consistent with the district’s mission, shows respect for personal safety and privacy, and respect for public laws and academic property rights. Moreover, our philosophy about how we protect students must balance filtering with supervision, digital citizenship training, and disciplinary action.

Another challenge when integrating technology is to maximize the impact of technology on learning.  Adopters of educational technology often follow a progression of using technology that a model developed by Dr. Ruben Puentedura so eloquently describes.  The Substitution Augmentation Modification Redefinition (SAMR) Model depicts a continuum from less impactful technology use to use that has greater impact.  In Substitution, teachers may use technology as a substitute for a non-technology function.  Using a PowerPoint instead of writing notes on the board is an example of Substitution.  The teacher is still the center of the classroom and the students are passive learners.  Substitution isn’t bad, necessarily; it’s usually the first step toward more effective use of technology in the classroom.  

In Augmentation, the technology provides a functional benefit.  Perhaps there’s an engaging video embedded in the PowerPoint or students take an assessment online and the data can be more effectively analyzed by the teacher.  

Once teachers and students cross the line between Substitution and Augmentation and Modification, a significant functional change in the learning environment occurs.  Through Modification, technology is required for the lesson.  Perhaps, student writing is for an authentic audience or the work product is multi-media.  Redefinition takes this one step further; Redefinition involves a total redesign of what we ask students to do to learn and to demonstrate their learning.  

Our vision for technology use in Smithfield is ambitious.  We have a ways to go to achieve this vision and teachers are working hard to adjust their practices as new technology resources are obtained. The explosion of Twitter and Facebook to communicate school events has been exciting but challenging as well, as the community increases its expectation of timely information of school happenings.  Our team here in Smithfield– its administrators, teachers, and staff – in service of the students and families we serve, have embraced the challenges and opportunities that changes in technology have brought to our schools.

 

For the Love of Libraries

Walk into a community’s library and you will find evidence of how that community values literacy.  A community’s value of literacy, in turn, correlates directly to the success of its schools. Statisticians will say that causality is a hard thing to prove; is it good libraries that improve literacy or a value of literacy that ensures good libraries?  Whatever the case may be, Smithfield’s attention to its libraries in 2020 should be a resolution of each of its residents.

School libraries are as important to each school as town libraries are to the community.  School libraries are the hearts of schools and have evolved from those that parents and teachers knew as children. While some may remember libraries as quiet places for solitary work, modern libraries are now places where learners collaborate to research information and to consume literature.  eSchool News has identified the top 10 most significant ed-tech developments and school libraries (reinvented) are #1.

Our Library Task Force brings together our school librarians, administrators, and town librarians to work together to strengthen our libraries through grant writing, goal-setting, and collaboration. The mission of the Library Task Force is “to encourage reading and lifelong learning by Smithfield students through increased collaboration among town and school staff, innovative library programming, inspiring library facilities, and increased resources for libraries.” Each month we meet in a different school library and take time to quickly assess the current conditions of that library’s collections and space. We also share library happenings across both town and school libraries and discuss ways to promote the use of libraries by our students. Our work connects to other work being done throughout the state by the participation of our task force members on various state committees. On our next agenda we’ll continue our discussion on summer reading and will review new legislation that may require libraries in high schools to be open one hour before and one hour after school. We appreciate the collegiality our town librarians have shown through this work.

Increasing resources to our libraries need not be confined to school budgets, which are already being stretched thin. While some town residents may think that the school budget is rich, the annual budget for the school libraries in Smithfield are less than half of what was budgeted in Yarmouth, Maine, where I previously served as superintendent. Additionally, library furniture is in dire need of replacement. While I don’t recommend that we do everything in 2020, we should make a start. Money is not the solution to all problems but investments in our libraries would serve our students well. We are investigating sources of grant funding that will enable investments in our libraries without impacting other school needs.

We can also improve our collections without adding a single cent of funding by throwing out old, ragged, outdated books.  Yes, you heard me right…. throw them out. Perhaps the best guide for culling (weeding) library collections comes from the Texas State Libraries and Archives Commission (see this link).  Culling collections adds to the appeal and reliability of the library’s collection.  If we buy $2,000 of new books but those books are shelved between hundreds of ragged, old, unappealing books, students simply can’t find the flowers among the weeds.  Some of those “weeds,” moreover, are socially irresponsible and politically or factually incorrect. Each of our librarians regularly weed their collections, even with limited time in their schedules.

Human capital is also important. In my career as both a teacher and an administrator I have had the pleasure of working with the best licensed school librarians and, consequently, understand the value of having professionals who know how to manage a library collection, nurture students’ love of reading, develop a K-12 research curriculum that connects to every classroom in the school, and work together with teachers on co-taught lessons.  Working backwards from the senior project research paper expectations, Donna Good, the former Narragansett High School librarian, worked with English department teachers to figure out what students would need to learn and be able to do, grade-by grade, prior to working on this graduation requirement. Merry Stuhr, the Harrison Middle School (Maine) librarian, helps students share their best books with others, promoting reading throughout the school (check out her website to get a taste of what goes on in this stimulating library).  

When I became a superintendent in Leicester, the district had only one certified school librarian for its three schools but we were able to add an additional position, Mrs. Minton, during my tenure. This dynamic librarian, who works at the middle school, is a catalyst for literacy, effective technology use, and a positive school culture.  For those who don’t know what a librarian does beyond checking out books, check out her website, https://lms-leicester.libguides.com/Homepage or follow her on Twitter (@LMSchoolLibrary).

Here in Smithfield, there are four, fabulous certified librarians for six schools – Melissa Clapprood, Jennifer Swartz, Lisa Girard, and Luigia Solda. Each of our elementary schools share a certified librarian. Since these elementary librarians have a regular schedule of classes, they have little time for collaborating with teachers, managing the library space, and leading school literacy initiatives, yet they manage to make some headway in these areas as much as possible. Ideally, each school should have its own librarian, both to teach regularly-scheduled library classes and to manage the library and work with teachers. Our middle and high school librarians are better able to manage their collections and space and collaborate with teachers on informational literacy lessons, given their schedules, though their schools are also fairly large. All four school librarians have been voluntarily attending Library Task Force meetings each month.

The Jacobs Report identified the need for improved library facilities, among other facility needs. Libraries should be comfortable, engaging, and inspiring.  A long term solution to our facilities needs will not be attained in 2020, though we can take small steps to improve the functionality and aesthetics of our libraries.  Our elementary renovations project will also do much to improve the physical space allocated for libraries.

We all can recognize the value of libraries and share our love for libraries with our children. With all that we do, we show Smithfield’s value for literacy.

Mathematics and Civic Engagement

A goal of any school system is to develop the mathematical understanding of students; it is not simply an academic achievement but is also a necessary skill in our democratic society.  The citizens of Smithfield will hear many numbers and ideas passed around during this budget season. Understanding the math is essential for making sense of all the ideas presented.

Below are some statements I have heard from the public concerning the FY20 town budget, along with the mathematics behind the statements.  I’ve also included my opinions on certain ideas presented. These are my opinions alone and not the opinions of the School Committee or other school district employees.  Although critical of some decisions made in the past and being considered for our future, I also recognize the difficult decisions elected officials need to make. Also, please note that many of these ideas have been shared outside of formal budget meetings and do not, necessarily, represent the ideas of Town Council members, either individually or collectively.  Additionally, school and town budgets are inherently complicated and I’ve limited the information provided to the most substantial data, rather than every detail.

“The Town of Smithfield has been extremely generous with the school budget, giving over 10 million dollars more to the schools over the past several years.”

As stated in the budget narrative for FY19, the school department is extremely appreciative of the support the town has provided in recent years.  Between 2009 and 2012, both the town and school experienced difficult fiscal times resulting in frozen budgets, layoffs, and eliminated programs. Between FY15 and FY18, some of these losses were regained through Town Council support of the school budget.

As for the basic math behind the big number….

Year Increase in the Town Appropriation (operating budget) Cumulative annual increase from FY11
FY18 to FY19 $0 $4,413,376
FY17 to FY18 $975,000 $4,413,376
FY16 to FY17 $1,084,723 $3,438,346
FY15 to FY16 $950,000 2,353,623
FY14 to FY15 $950,968 $1,403,623
FY13 to FY14 $450,000 $452,685
FY12 to FY13 $2,685 $2,685
FY11 to FY12 $0

As this isn’t adding up fast enough, it may be because one may be compounding cumulative increases (figuring out how much more the town has contributed as compared with a frozen rate from 10 years ago – over $16 million) or that those using this number are also including the bond for new roofs for SHS and GMS.  We must remember, though, that the care of Smithfield’s assets – including its schools – an expected responsibility of its public officials – separate and apart from their responsibilities for the town’s children. We must also remember that no business or town or school department or household could survive on revenues frozen over 10 years and that figures for any compounding cumulative increase are inherently large.

Let’s explore how increases in the town appropriation compare with the Consumer Price Index, a common measure of inflation.

The town appropriation to the schools was $27,264,432 in FY11 and was $31,677,808 in FY19.  This is a 16.2% increase over 8 years. Between December of 2010 and December of 2018, the Consumer Price Index, a measure of inflation, rose by about 14.6%. The CPI specific to health care costs, which make up almost 15% of the school budget, has risen by about 25% in that same time period. Thus, the increase of school budget has fairly closely risen to the same degree as the inflation rate while simultaneously adding additional mental health supports for students – pretty impressive.  

“We can’t afford to pay for this, since we now are obligated to pay for a bond for renovations to the elementary schools.”

Bond repayment isn’t expected until FY21 or FY22 and the town will be able to access some pay-as-you-go funds from the state, rather than waiting for a reimbursement for the architectural work to be done over the next 12 months, resulting in smaller bonded amounts in the early stages of the project.  Additionally, it is important for people to understand the power of compounding increases.

Last year the town chose to present a budget that resulted in no tax increases to the taxpayers of Smithfield.  The increase on the tax levy was just over 1%, due simply to new taxable properties. By not raising the tax levy any further, the Town Council this year has a smaller base to work with. They are allowed to raise the tax levy by 4% but this 4% is on a smaller number than the number we’d be working from if they raised taxes last year. That’s all good if a town can afford to do this but we may be putting ourselves at a disadvantage when that repayment of the bond actually comes into play, since we will be working with an overall tax levy that is smaller than it may have been if our politicians and town residents had supported steady and moderate increases each year.  

If the Town Council supports a 4% increase in the tax levy for FY20, they will also be able to afford a 4% increase in the school appropriation (by the way, with a 0% increase last year, this is simply a 2% average increase over 2 years — very moderate).  Perhaps not all departments can get 4% in the same year, but remember that some departments did get increases to the town appropriation last year and the school department did not. We are not in competition with one another but, instead, like for our children, we attend to individual needs. Remember, as well, that the budget amount being put forward for FY20 for the schools is little more than the FY19 budget figure.  

We have heard that a 4% increase in the tax levy may not be supported. Even with a 4% increase in the appropriation to the schools, a 4% increase in the tax levy may not be needed.  The school budget is a little over half of the total town budget AND there’s been a growth in the amount of taxable properties in town. Of course, other town income estimates, including meals tax, which is estimated to decrease somewhat, weigh into the ultimate tax increase as well.  Smithfield has the added challenge of only being able to increase taxes on those not affected by the senior tax freeze so non-seniors experience higher tax increases for corresponding increases in the budget than is experienced in other towns.

We have also heard an interest in discontinuing the use of certain fees (i.e. sewer fees, rescue fees) as income to the general fund.  Now, I do believe this is a good move but a move that should be made in a year (like last year) in which increases in other revenues, such as state aid to education, could have made up the difference. Instead, the Town Council chose to put forward no tax increases.  In a year when we could have considered discontinuing the practice of using fees as a revenue source for the general fund, we, instead, froze the tax rate. Now, in a year with a significantly lower state aid figure, there is talk of discontinuing this practice. As these conversations make their way to open meetings, we must ask, does this mathematically make sense at his time?

“The School Department’s spending is out-of-control.”

While this statement has been made by a number of individuals, they tend to provide no math at all behind the opinion. That may be because the math does not support this opinion.  Let’s look at that math.

First for a comparison with other school districts:

District # Pupils FY17 Per Pupil
Lincoln 3083 18,322
Scituate 1269 17,809
Johnston 3265 17,812
STATE 142,949 16,660
North Providence 3631 15,989
SMITHFIELD 2395 15,615
North Smithfield   1734 14,857  
Burrillville 2273 14,444
Cumberland 4647 13,953

Below the state average, Smithfield’s per pupil cost does support the opinion that the taxpayers of Smithfield get a lot of bang for their buck.  Rather than a school district with out-of-control spending, frugal use of fiscal resources is paired with a culture of hard-working employees who do more with less.  And, again, THE FY20 BUDGET BEING PROPOSED IS JUST A QUARTER OF A PERCENT HIGHER THAN THE FY19 BUDGET.

In addition to the figures above, the school budget, as a percentage of the overall town budget, has not changed appreciably over the past few years, despite increasing needs of today’s youth.  The math is irrefutable.

School Budget as a Percent of Smithfield’s Town Budget

FY17:  53.33%

FY16:  54.76%

FY15:  53.59%

FY14:  53.54%

In a democratic society, we all get to individually decide how we want to support budgetary decisions.  We often are influenced by the ideas of those around us whom we trust. It’s important, when difficult decisions must be made, to investigate the facts and apply the math on your own, rather than trust blindly.  In a democratic society, we have accountability on all levels when the people are informed.

Back to Middle School!

Last week I participated in the Shadow a Student Challenge, a national movement designed to provide a wide range of leaders across the country the opportunity to gain empathy and insight into the school experience of students.  Last year I shadowed a SHS high school student (see In Kendra’s Shadow, a previous blog post) and this year I chose to shadow a middle school student, Sam, and experience the school life of 8th grade.  

I began the day in physical education class, where students choose either a team sport or personal fitness.  Sam ran on the treadmill and used weight machines donated by Bryant University. I overheard some students noting their sore muscles later in the day – further proving the worth of physical activity.  Mrs. Connell had eyes everywhere at once, coaching individual students on the proper use of the equipment. Before long, it was time to move along to English class.

Although Sam’s ELA teacher was absent, the lesson was planned in advance and the class was in the capable hands of Karen Zuercher, a retired Massachusetts teacher and Smithfield resident.  Mrs. Zuercher knew students by name and executed the lesson with ease. After a gallery walk featuring students’ onomatopoeia comic strips, students worked on a personification writing assignment that was both challenging and fun.  If attention was paid solely to the assignment, students could have finished the work by the end of the class period but, like most students their age, a little socialization kept them from that goal.  I can’t begrudge them for the balance of work and fun as there’s value in both and enough work was accomplished to support learning.

Earlier in the morning I had reviewed the absence report and noted some classrooms in the district that were without substitutes.  The shortage of subs is a challenge to our principals who are forced to juggle other personnel to fill vacancies. This year, we raised the daily rate of subs to $80/day, up from $75/day, but this is still well below $100/day, which is the rate in many districts across Rhode Island. When I see the value of a well-trained and dedicated substitute, like Mrs. Zuercher, I’m reminded to propose another jump in pay to help us catch up with other districts so that we can compete for additional, qualified substitute teachers.

Music class with Edmea Sylvestre was intimidating, at first, for this non-musically inclined adult, but I noted that the lesson was structured in a way that provided entry to students of all abilities.  At the start of the class, students paired up and read off notes during a timed period, reporting on the number of rounds achieved during that period. It was OK to report fewer rounds read than other pairs, since students competed with themselves, rather than others.  Next, they practiced a variety of pieces on electronic pianos. I could only imagine the cacophonous noise from all these instruments if output wasn’t limited to headphones alone!

Mrs. Grundy told me that I’d already know what was being taught in social studies but I have to admit that every adult should review the Articles of and Amendments to the Constitution now and again, not simply because one might forget them but also because reflecting on their contents encourages appreciation for our country and government.  The pace of the class was appropriately brisk, as there’s much to accomplish in 40 minutes. In addition to a formative assessment Mrs. Grundy collected and will use to gauge student progress, students practiced academic vocabulary and started on an assignment.

Most people who know me know that I love mathematics but I hadn’t graphed equations in a while so Sam ran circles around me.  Mrs. Drainville set up stations around the room and, after finding the intersection of the two lines graphed, the answer led the team to know which station to go to next.  Station 10 was a mini-lesson on a new, related math concept. Lesson structures like this provide movement and a natural pacing you don’t get through seatwork. The planning that teachers do for such lessons may take a bit more time but the results are well-worth it.  While many in the public think that teachers’ days begin at the first bell and end at the closing bell, the lesson, itself, reminded me that planning often involves several hours more each week.

I eat lunch at least once in each school each year, both for convenience and as a means of assessing quality.  The students have expressed appreciation for the lunch choices provided by Chartwells and I can see why.  My chicken sandwich and waffle fries were fresh and tasty. The choice of sides included fruit cocktail, fresh fruit, and salad. Like in any school, there’s never quite enough time for eating and socializing and we were soon herded off to an extension period.  On Wednesdays, Sam heads back to Social Studies, where Mrs. Grundy has planned mapping exercises for the students.

In science, Mrs. Ramos set up stations around the room to provide practice for metric measurements.  Students measured mass, length, and volume of various objects and answered questions about metric units.  I noted that today’s students are more comfortable with the use of these units than in years past, although, undoubtedly, their high school teachers will also find it necessary to review the basics. Again, another teacher understood the value of movement, teamwork, and variety. Student engagement is not the sole responsibility of the student but is, instead, something to be considered when designing lessons.

In the course of the day, I reflected on the level of rigor, lesson structure, and variety provided by the teachers.  I also attended to relationships, both among students and between students and their teachers. In the news we hear of bullying and discord but, in fact, harmony and respect is more the norm among students at GMS.  As students navigate their adolescent years they are bound to make mistakes and as adults we are charged with teaching, modeling, correcting, and guiding. To accomplish all this, the relationships between teachers and students must be strong and in no where have I seen them stronger than in Smithfield schools.  It’s one of the qualities of schools that can’t be measured by standardized tests or school report cards.

Thank you, Sam, for giving me a glimpse into the 8th grade experience.  If I could go back in time, I’d want to repeat my adolescent years here in Smithfield!

Rigor

While much time goes into the development of a school budget, one should never let that work overshadow the primary mission of our schools – teaching and learning.  Between meetings with the finance director and our school administrators, I’ve kept up with my visits to classrooms throughout the district.

An important area for focusing instructional observations and for discussions about instruction is rigor.  In a controversial statement made just last month, Commissioner Ken Wagner shared his belief that there’s a “quality gap” between what the expectations of the state standards and what is being taught in Rhode Island classrooms. He stated, “In my three and a half years, I’ve only seen four classrooms that challenge kids at the levels the standards require. We are dramatically under-challenging our kids.”

While enumerating this issue may not have been a good idea nor an accurate depiction of the current situation, it may be true that teachers throughout the state, in general, are not exposing students to rigorous content to the degree necessary for success, both on state assessments and for learning after graduation.

Teachers can’t be expected to focus 100% of instruction on the most rigorous of standards, since it’s important to begin with where students are and that may require addressing learning gaps.  On the other hand, if students are never exposed to rigorous expectations, they have little chance to meet these expectations.

Rigor is not how “hard” a particular course or subject may be. It may be “hard” to excel in a course that is devoid of clear expectations.  It may be “hard” to succeed in a class without having mastered prerequisite skills. Rigor, however, may or may not be a descriptor for either situation.  Rigor, instead, is the degree of sophistication and complexity applied to a learning experience.  Learning experiences that are rigorous require us to think deeply and stretch our learning.

In order to understand the level of rigor expected from standards for a particular grade level, it is advantageous to understand the associated standards for the grade levels preceding and following the particular grade.  Developing a deeper understanding of what the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) expects for student learning is far more important than simply assigning standards to particular lessons or units.

Politicizing of CCSS standards has resulted in misconceptions regarding their relative rigor to previous standards and expectations. Regardless of one’s political ideology, what a set of standards do for education is to stimulate conversations among educators about expectations for student learning.  To really understand the standards one must focus rather than review all standards in a sitting.  To this end, I thought I’d look at one particular standard through the grades to show the progression of skills expected of our students.  The differences between grades, provided in brackets, are my interpretations of the difference between the standard and that from the previous grade level.

For kindergarten, the reading standard for informational texts, strand 9, reads:  With prompting and support, identify basic similarities in and differences between two texts on the same topic (e.g., in illustrations, descriptions, or procedures).

Here is how this standard changes from grade to grade:

GRADE 1  Identify basic similarities in and differences between two texts on the same topic (e.g., in illustrations, descriptions, or procedures).  [DIFFERENCE:  prompting and support are eliminated.]

GRADE 2  Compare and contrast the most important points presented by two texts on the same topic.   [DIFFERENCE:  students are expected to pick out the most important points presented by texts before comparing and contrasting.]

GRADE 3   Compare and contrast the most important points and key details presented in two texts on the same topic.  [DIFFERENCE:  students focus on key details as well as points.]

GRADE 4   Integrate information from two texts on the same topic in order to write or speak about the subject knowledgeably. [DIFFERENCE:  students must take the information and do something (write, speak) to show understanding of the subject.]

GRADE 5  Integrate information from several texts on the same topic in order to write or speak about the subject knowledgeably. [DIFFERENCE:  the number of texts increases]

GRADE 6  Compare and contrast one author’s presentation of events with that of another (e.g., a memoir written by and a biography on the same person). [DIFFERENCE:  students consider an author’s point of view when comparing and contrasting two texts.]

GRADE 7  Analyze how two or more authors writing about the same topic shape their presentations of key information by emphasizing different evidence or advancing different interpretations of facts.  [DIFFERENCE:  students must dig into the text to figure out what ideas were emphasized differently by two or more different authors.]

GRADE 8  Analyze a case in which two or more texts provide conflicting information on the same topic and identify where the texts disagree on matters of fact or interpretation.  [DIFFERENCE:  in addition to differentiating between facts and interpretation, students must ascertain how two texts differ in a case where information is not simply different, but are in conflict.]

GRADES 9-10  Analyze seminal U.S. documents of historical and literary significance (e.g., Washington’s Farewell Address, the Gettysburg Address, Roosevelt’s Four Freedoms speech, King’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail”), including how they address related themes and concepts.  [DIFFERENCE:  In addition to providing a specificity of the types of documents students are reading, their analysis must address themes and concepts identified by the teacher.]

GRADES 11-12  Analyze seventeenth-, eighteenth-, and nineteenth-century foundational U.S. documents of historical and literary significance (including The Declaration of Independence, the Preamble to the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address) for their themes, purposes, and rhetorical features.  [DIFFERENCE:  the standard identifies specific documents, has students considering purpose and acknowledging and analyzing rhetoric, as well as requires that students document originating across three centuries.]

From a look across grades we get a better idea of how the expectation deepens as well as builds upon skills practiced in each subsequent year.  Analyzing this particular standard also provided me with a sense of how rigorous this will be for students.  For this strand, students are not merely pulling out information from texts and reporting this information, they are thinking critically about what they read. Clearly, these standards and standards like them will require that teachers design curriculum that is grounded in important social studies themes and concepts while also addressing literacy standards.

I challenge our teachers to spend some time analyzing a strand across the grades to better understand the expectations of the standards for their particular grade and subject.  As a district, we will continue both curriculum revision and classroom observations to ensure that Smithfield schools will be at the forefront of innovative instructional practices and rigorous instruction.

Dear Governor Raimondo

Dear Governor Raimondo,

I enjoyed your State of the State address and I agree with most, though not every objective on your agenda.  What’s more important to me is your enthusiasm and initiative, which are also vital for the state’s well-being.  You hit the nail on the head when you said, “cynicism has long been one of our worst enemies.” Until we all believe we can be successful, success will elude us.

Let’s stop aiming for duplicating Massachusetts’ initiatives and, instead, aim beyond their standings.  I spent over 4 years as a superintendent in Massachusetts and, during that time, the state test for K-8 was changed three times. There is no universal curriculum.  Enough with excuses. There are some things we can learn from education reform in Massachusetts but it’s not just about a test. I agree with you that we all need to “step up and make the necessary changes to improve student performance.” I’d like to discuss some ideas with you sometime in the future.

What I wanted to share with you, after hearing your speech, is the difficult place Smithfield Public Schools finds itself in as we head into FY20 – the “state of the schools,” if you will.  First, I’ll celebrate our accomplishments this year.

We followed the direction you laid out for Rhode Island schools.  

We “increased the number of high-quality career and technical training programs at our high school” by adding quality CTE programming and by making changes that address the gender gap in computer science courses.  

At Smithfield High School, “more students are taking AP and advanced classes.”

We have invested in curriculum writing and have begun to adopt high quality curriculum materials.  

We have a strong partnership with our teachers, who we support this year through increased professional development opportunities “so they can do their best work.”

We were able to add approximately 1 FTE to our mental health staff to address the increasing mental health needs of today’s students – a need you articulated in last night’s speech.

Most significantly this past year, the voters of Smithfield approved a $45 million bond to address the deficiencies in our elementary schools – providing support that would not have been possible without the promise of incentives enabled by your work to improve the quality of school facilities throughout Rhode Island.

We moved forward significantly this year with no increase in the town appropriation to our budget due, in no small part, by the disproportionate increase in state aid we received this year. Our FY19 state aid was increased over 20% – over 1 million dollars.  We were one of the winners, while Coventry’s state aid plummeted. In reality, the schools did not proportionately benefit from these added funds. Instead, the funds enabled our town officials to present a budget to taxpayers that caused no increases in local taxes.

The cynic in us would, no doubt, predict that what goes up must down.  The cynic in me budgeted some one-time expenses, such as replacing furniture at our middle school and purchasing new curriculum materials, but not to the extent necessary to take the blow we will experience next fiscal year.  

The state aid for Smithfield for FY20 is predicted to be over $1.5 million less than this year’s allocation.  Let me explain the significance of this figure.

  • If we increase our budget by 2% – a conservative increase by any measure – our town would need to increase the appropriation by over 7%.
  • If we keep our budget flat (0% increase) – a challenge, considering the contractual salary increases and inevitable increases in health care and energy costs – our town would need to increase the appropriation by over 5%.
  • If our town does not increase the appropriation to our schools, which some town officials have suggested, we would need to cut our budget by over 4%.

As a first step to address the gap in funding, our draft, FY20 budget eliminates the purchase of high-quality instructional materials, decreases the investment in professional development by over 80%, and still requires the elimination of at least 6 positions.  Smithfield is a relatively small district. Eliminating six positions is devastating.

In an effort to understand the state aid formula, I met twice with colleagues at RIDE, including the Commissioner.  I invited a finance expert from Fidelity to meet to go through the formula, step-by-step, to identify what may be different for Smithfield than for other communities.  By telephone, I have spoken with your Deputy Chief of Staff, Kevin Gallagher, and have a scheduled telephone meeting with Dr. Kenneth Wong, of Brown University, who was instrumental in the development of the formula being used.  What I’ve learned has been communicated to my community through my blog, our district newsletter, and through a presentation at a joint, Town Council and School Committee meeting.

I’ve learned that of all the factors that go into the state funding formula, median family income has had the most effect in Smithfield.  For some reason, the median family income for Smithfield has gone down then up by a significant percentage (7-9%) from one year to the next.  The residents of Smithfield, most obviously, are not becoming poorer, then richer by such large measures each year so there is some problem with this data. My next step is to figure out how the U.S. Census Bureau estimates this figure between census years.  For this task, however, and for continued study of the formula and its impact on other districts, I lack both expertise and sufficient time.

In order to “step up and make the necessary changes to improve student performance,” Rhode Island districts, including Smithfield, need more stable and predictable funding.  My responsibility, as a steward for our schools and students is to induce the state to conduct a review of the current state aid formula and to convince the taxpayers of Smithfield to make up the gap in funding through taxation, for to do otherwise is to run the district into the ground.

I am a person of action, rather than a source of complaints. Please contact me to discuss the matter further or to engage me in a group to do further study on the formula.

“I think we’re up for it.”

Sincerely,

Judy Paolucci, Ph.D.

Superintendent